22 de Novembro de 2024

Cuba sofre apagão total que paralisa economia e deixa 10 milhões no escuro


Um apagão atingiu nesta sexta-feira (18/10) todo o território de Cuba, após uma falha na maior usina do país. Segundo o governo, a ilha está em "emergência energética". As atividades das estatais foram suspensas e 10 milhões de pessoas estão no escuro - quase a totalidade da população de 11 milhões de habitantes.

O país enfrenta uma crise energética há pelo menos três meses, com várias províncias registrando apagões de até 20 horas nas últimas semanas. Segundo o diretor-geral de eletricidade do Ministério de Energia e Minas, Lázaro Guerra, o sistema elétrico entrou em colapso total após a central termoelétrica Antonio Guiteras parar de funcionar. "Parou tudo", disse.

O presidente cubano, Miguel Díaz-Canel, afirmou que o governo trabalha "com absoluta prioridade" para restabelecer a energia o mais rápido possível, mas não deu previsão de quando a energia retorna.

Ele suspendeu o comércio e os serviços não essenciais por três dias. O presidente culpou o embargo econômico dos EUA, por dificultar a importação de combustível. "A causa principal é a guerra econômica, a perseguição financeira e energética dos EUA", disse.

O primeiro-ministro cubano, Manuel Marrero, disse que o governo não teve outra escolha a não ser "paralisar a economia". Em discurso televisionado, ele também responsabilizou o embargo. "A falta de combustível é o principal fator", disse o premiê, em uma aparição ironicamente cortada por falhas técnicas. "Apesar dos apagões, ainda estamos longe do abismo."

  •  Cubans chat at night on a street during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Havana on October 18, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by Adalberto ROQUE / AFP)
    Cubans chat at night on a street during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Havana on October 18, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by Adalberto ROQUE / AFP) AFP
  •  The Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital power up with electricity is seen during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Havana on October 18, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by Adalberto ROQUE / AFP)
    The Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital power up with electricity is seen during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Havana on October 18, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by Adalberto ROQUE / AFP) AFP
  •  A woman boils water while another lights her with a mobile phone during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Matanzas, Cuba, on October 18, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by Antonio LEVI / AFP)
    A woman boils water while another lights her with a mobile phone during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Matanzas, Cuba, on October 18, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by Antonio LEVI / AFP) AFP
  •  People remain outside a house during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Havana, on October 19, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by ADALBERTO ROQUE / AFP)
    People remain outside a house during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Havana, on October 19, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by ADALBERTO ROQUE / AFP) AFP
  •  A car drives along a street during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Havana, on October 19, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by ADALBERTO ROQUE / AFP)
    A car drives along a street during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Havana, on October 19, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by ADALBERTO ROQUE / AFP) AFP
  •  A motorcycle lights a street under pouring rain during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Havana, on October 19, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by ADALBERTO ROQUE / AFP)
    A motorcycle lights a street under pouring rain during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Havana, on October 19, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by ADALBERTO ROQUE / AFP) AFP
  •  A woman eats in her house next to a motorcycle that provides her electricity during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Matanzas, Cuba, on October 18, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by Antonio LEVI / AFP)
    A woman eats in her house next to a motorcycle that provides her electricity during a nationwide blackout caused by a grid failure in Matanzas, Cuba, on October 18, 2024. Technical breakdowns, fuel shortages and high demand have caused the countrys thermoelectric power plants to constantly fail, forcing the government to declare an energy emergency and take measures such as closing schools and factories. (Photo by Antonio LEVI / AFP) AFP

A energia elétrica em Cuba é gerada por oito centrais termoelétricas sucateadas, que em alguns casos apresentam avarias ou estão em manutenção, além de sete usinas flutuantes - que o governo aluga de empresas turcas - e de grupos de geradores. A infraestrutura requer combustível para se manter.

Autoridades disseram também que, para piorar a situação, a infraestrutura sofreu danos graves, na semana passada, com os ventos fortes e mares agitados que começaram com a passagem do furacão Milton, prejudicando a entrega de combustível para as usinas de energia.

Os cubanos enfrentam há três meses apagões generalizados, que se prolongam e se tornam cada vez mais frequentes, com um déficit em muitos dias de 30% na cobertura nacional. Interrupções no serviço de quatro horas ou mais por dia são registradas até em amplas zonas de Havana, região prioritária para as autoridades por ser a mais populosa e a capital do país.

Nos arredores da Praça da Revolução, em Havana, as autoridades suspenderam "todos os serviços que não são vitais", com exceção de hospitais e centros de produção de alimentos. As aulas também foram suspensas até segunda-feira e locais de entretenimento e lazer permanecerão fechados até a situação normalizar.

A direção da empresa elétrica da Província de Camagüey, no centro do país, anunciou medidas severas na quarta-feira. "A Empresa Elétrica de Camagüey trabalha para garantir o serviço por cerca de três horas aproximadamente", indicou a companhia em uma postagem no X.

De acordo com a imprensa independente de Cuba, dezenas de pessoas protestaram no início da semana nas províncias de Sancti Spíritus e Holguín, por causa dos apagões. Em março, uma onda de manifestações tomou conta de Santiago, a segunda maior cidade da ilha, após um apagão de 13 horas. Na ocasião, o governo também culpou o embargo americano e acabou com os protestos à força - três pessoas foram presas. (COM AGÊNCIAS INTERNACIONAIS)

As informações são do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo.

Fonte: correiobraziliense

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